Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs

Congestive heart failure in dogs may be considered a silent disease. Because of the heart's ability to compensate even though weakened, the disease may go unnoticed for many months and in some cases even years. Then, out of the blue, the dog or cat may begin exhibiting worrisome symptoms that will be brought to the attention of the veterinarian.

A normal heart functions very well and is able to provide adequate quantites of blood to all the tissues and organs of the body. In congestive heart failure, the heart is no longer able to pump blood effectively, negatively affecting circulation to the body and causing organ impairment. Liver, kidneys, lungs and other vital organs will ultimately be affected as well.

Causes of Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs

The causes of congestive heart failure may be various. The pet may have been born with a heart defect, therefore, the condition may be considered congenital. The presence of heartworms in the dog's heart may cause sufficient damage to cause heart failure. Toy and small breed dogs in general are prone to chronic valvular disease which may ultimately cause congestive heart failure. Large and giant dog breeds on the other hand, have a tendency to develop cardiomyopathy which may as well cause failure of the heart organ.

Symptoms of Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs

Symptoms may be moderate and in some cases barely noticeable at the dieases's early stages. The affected pet may appear to be more tired than usual upon exertion. A dog may pant more during walks, require a break, or come home more tired than usual, breathing fast and panting. A cough may appear as well during exertion. However, as the disease advances, the pet may cough during the night a few hours after the pet lays down to sleep. This is due tofluid pooling in the lungs because of the heart's inability to work efficiently. Also the dog may appear restless prior to going to sleep, pacing around and appearing uncomfortable.

These symptoms may be subtle and since congestive heart failure appears often in senior pets, they are easily confused as normal cases of aging. Once the disease though advances more specific symptoms may arise and the pet may refuse to eat, there will be weight loss and rapid breathing. Because the heart does not function properly, fluids will accumulate as well in the legs (leg edema).

When the left ventricle of the heart has halted from functioning, the dog will cough up a pink, bubbly fluid a condition known as pulmonary edema. Fluids will also tend to leak in the abdomen causing a condition called ascites and in the chest causing a condition known as pleural effusion. Affected pets will have a swollen abdomen, chest and swollen legs. A pet at the end stages of heart failure will have labored breathing and will sit in a characteristic position with the head extended and elbows spread apart. Because, circulation of blood is severely impaired, the gums will be bluish-gray . The pet may collapse.

Diagnosis of Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs

The veterinarian will inspect the pet, listen to the heart and lungs and order some specific tests. A heartworm test may be run via blood sample to rule out heartworm disease. Chest x-rays rays may be ordered or an echocardiogram. The pet's blood pressure may be monitored.

Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs

Affected pets will be prescribed diuretics to remove excessive fluids and reduce the workload of the heart. If pleural effusion is present a procedure called thoracocentesis may be required. Such procedure consists of inserting a needle into the chest cavity and draining out some fluid. Nitroglycerin may be prescribed to act as vasodilators. If there are arrythmias medications such as Digitalis may be prescribed. A special diet low in salt is required. Most commercial pet foods have high levels of sodium, therefore, prescription diets may be required such as Hill's H/d Purina CV or Royal Canin EC. Potassium supplements are often prescribed because some diuretics tend to lower Potassium levels.

Prognosis of Congestive Heart Failure in Pets

When treated early, supportive care may prolong the pet's life to even years. Dogs will be able to lead a more comfortable life however, routine check ups will be required to monitor effectively the condition.